Arabica coffee plant (Coffea arabica): diagnosis and basic care for a healthy specimen

General diagnosis

The Arabica coffee plant (Coffea arabica) described shows good overall condition. The leaves appear mostly green and glossy, without spots, chlorosis, rot or visible scorch. Some darker leaves may be due to natural variation or normal responses to light or watering. No active signs of pests or disease are observed.

Observed causes

• No obvious problems are detected at the time of diagnosis.
• Mild color variations on some leaves likely related to light, watering or leaf age.

Recommended care

Light

• Keep the plant in a location with bright, indirect light.
• Avoid intense direct sun, which can cause leaf burn.
• Do not place the coffee plant in very dark corners, as lack of light slows growth and can weaken foliage.

Watering

• Water when the top layer of substrate (about 2–3 cm) is dry to the touch.
• Keep the substrate slightly moist, avoiding waterlogging that promotes root rot.
• In winter reduce watering frequency, adapting to lower evapotranspiration.

Substrate and drainage

• Use a loose substrate rich in organic matter to promote aeration and balanced water retention.
• Ensure the pot has drainage holes; add a drainage layer if your pot requires it.

Temperature and humidity

• Ideal temperatures: 18–25 °C (64–77 °F). Avoid cold drafts and sudden temperature changes.
• Moderate to high ambient humidity (40–70%) is beneficial. If the air is very dry, increase humidity with a tray of pebbles and water or with a humidifier.

Fertilization and pruning

• Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer for foliage plants every 6–8 weeks during the growing period (approx. April–September).
• Remove old, damaged or dry leaves with clean scissors to keep the plant vigorous and improve air circulation among branches.

Checklist every 7–14 days (what to observe)

• Check that the substrate surface dries between waterings.
• Look for the emergence of new leaves and monitor that the foliage retains gloss and color.
• Inspect the undersides of leaves and leaf axils for possible pests (mites, scale, aphids).
• Check for waterlogging or foul odors in the pot.
• Note any changes: spots, yellowing, wilting or leaf loss to take specific measures.

Warning signs and quick actions

• Widespread yellowing of leaves: check watering and drainage; reduce watering if there is excess water.
• Spots, black dots or necrosis: isolate the plant and examine more closely; it could indicate pathogens or sun damage.
• Presence of insects or ant trails: treat with appropriate methods (manual cleaning, potassium soap, Neem oil or a specific insecticide as needed).

Practical summary

Your Arabica coffee plant appears healthy. Maintain the recommended light, watering, substrate, temperature and humidity conditions, fertilize during the growing season and perform a biweekly inspection following the checklist. Note any changes and act quickly at signs of stress or pests to preserve the specimen's health.